Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is one of the most influential countries in the Middle East, combining economic power with political and religious significance. Located on the Arabian Peninsula, it is home to Islam’s two holiest cities, Mecca and Medina, giving it a central role in the Muslim world.

The Saudi kingdom’s global influence has long been rooted in its vast oil reserves. As a leading global exporter and key member of OPEC, Saudi Arabia plays a decisive role in energy markets. Oil revenues have supported its rapid development but have also created long-term dependence on hydrocarbons.

In recent years the country has launched an ambitious transformation agenda known as Vision 2030, led by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The plan aims to diversify the economy, notably by expanding the tourism and technology sectors, to reduce reliance on oil. Social changes have accompanied these reforms, and some new policies have clashed with long-established norms.

Saudi Arabia continues to seek to modernise its economy while maintaining its strategic influence, notably in relation to regional archrival Iran.